#SnT

**✅Enzymatic Delamination Technology**

**🅾️Purpose: This technology is designed to enable the recycling of multi-layer aseptic packaging, which was historically considered non-recyclable due to its mixed material structure.

*🅾️Mechanism:*

**⚜️Enzymes: Utilizes enzymes to break down the bonding between different layers of packaging materials.*
⚜️Separation:* This process allows for the separation of individual layers such as paper, polyethylene, and foil laminate

🅾️Outcome:-Recycling: The separated layers can be reused in the production of new products, thus making the recycling of aseptic packaging feasible and environmentally friendly.

@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here **🎖****Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu

#SnT **✅*Mission: PREFIRE (Polar Radiant Energy in the Far-InfraRed Experiment).

🅾️Mission Goals : Study far-infrared radiation from Arctic and Antarctic-Improve understanding of Earth's energy budget-Predict changes in ice, seas, and weather due to global warming.

🅾️Helps in understanding the greenhouse effect at the poles.@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here 🎖***Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu

#SnT

**✅Zero debris charter**

*🅾️By?-* initiative of the European Space Agency (ESA)

*🅾️Why?- To encourage a Zero Debris approach for its space missions* and to encourage partners and other actors to pursue similar paths

*🅾️What is special about this?- It is the first initiative of its kind* - It has a vision of creating no space debris by 2030 and making possible the long-term sustainability of space activities

🅾️Is it binding?- charter is a non-legally binding agreement, but it encourages a community of proactive actors working collectively towards jointly defined targets for 2030.

⚠️Note : ***Much of the debris is in low Earth orbit, within 2,000 km (1,200 miles) of Earth’s surface, though some debris can be found in geostationary orbit 35,786 km (22,236 miles) above the Equator.

🛑Also read about Outer space treaty :*** Click here

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#Geography#Placesinnews#IR **✅*Important topics for Prelims 2024- Places in news- IR.

⚜️1. Amhara Region- https://t.me/Geohighlights/489 ⚜️2. Gaza cities- Rafah- https://t.me/Geohighlights/509 ⚜️3. Odesa and other major cities in Ukraine- https://t.me/Geohighlights/485 and https://t.me/Geohighlights/454 , https://t.me/Geohighlights/269 , Pripyat River , Nord Stream 2 Pipeline (NS2P) project ⚜️4. Bucharest Nine (B9) Countries- https://t.me/Geohighlights/300 ⚜️5. Finlandization- https://t.me/Geohighlights/295 ⚜️6. IMEC- https://t.me/Geohighlights/548 ⚜️7. Myanmar-*** https://t.me/Geohighlights/549

#Economy **✅*Greenium

🅾️What?- difference in interest rates between Sovereign Green bonds and G-Secs is called a greenium.

🅾️Green Government-Securities (G-Secs) are classified under the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR)-RBI has allowed FIIs to invest in India’s sovereign green bonds@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here 🎖***Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu

*🔴*🎖Important difference between ICC and ICJ apart from the usual info you find in CA magazines

✅The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is a civil court that hears disputes between countries.

✅The ICC is a criminal court that prosecut**es individuals. ...

1998 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) deals with four core international crimes- Crimes Against Humanity (CAH)- genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression- these “shall not be subject to any statute of limitations

**The ICC is a permanent court, and is global in its reach.- Not a UN body

Candidates** who followed the khulbushan jhadav case might a doubt and even get confused without proper revision : If ICC deals with individuals- Why did ICJ involve? - Freshers - Read this hindu article

*✅*Because of involvement of India and pakistan on the grounds that Pakistan violated vienna convention- which makes it a case between two countries- please note this point

Source : click here🅾️Where can we get confused? : Is India a party to rome statute considering the democratic principles we have?- India is not a party to the Rome Statute, which means that it is under no obligation at present to enact a separate legislation dealing with CAH.Also even after ratification of the Genocide Convention (1948), India has not enacted it in domestic legislation

#SnT **✅*NFHS -5 Survey- Anemia estimation

🅾️This challenges the assumption that iron deficiency is the primary driver of anemia in India.

🅾️This survey the risks associated with excess iron intake from supplementation programs, indicating that targeted rather than universal supplementation may be necessary.

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#SnT **✅*Pushpak: ISRO’s Reusable Launch Vehicle

🅾️What?- The Pushpak RLV is part of ISRO's technologically complex Reusable Launch Vehicle – Technology Demonstrator (RLV-TD) project.

🅾️Purpose?- The main goal of India's RLV program is to significantly reduce the cost of launching payloads into space by developing reusable launch vehicles. This would make space missions more affordable and accessible.

🅾️The Pushpak RLV builds on technology developed for the X-33, X-34, and upgraded DC-XA experimental spacecraft ( NASA). The Indian Air Force (IAF) supported the mission with a Chinook helicopter for the RLV's initial lift.

✴️Note : The Pushpak RLV is named after a flying chariot in the Hindu epic, the Ramayana.

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#Geography #Placesinnews #IR

✅Gulf of Tonkin

*🅾️Context : It is A body of water in the northwest part of the South China Sea.China has set a baseline in the Gulf, which is a way to claim territory in the sea.Vietnam is concerned because this overlaps with their claims in the South China Sea*

🔰Major points about the Gulf of Tonkin:

*⚜️1. Location-* See the map

*⚜️2. Borders:* The Gulf is bordered by the northern coast of Vietnam to the west and northwest, China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region to the north, and the Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island to the east.

*⚜️3. Rivers:* Red River AKA Yuan River in Chinese is found here

*⚜️4. Major Ports:* Haiphong and Ben Thuy in Northern Vietnam, and Beihai (Pakhoi) in China.

*🛑Also read about*

*⚜️1. Paracel Islands- Click here ⚜️2. Salami Slicing strategy-* Click here

*⚜️3. UN bodies- UNCLOS-* Click here

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#SnT#Environment **✅*What is Ocean stratification?- Impacts

🅾️What?- This occurs when warmer surface waters, which are lighter due to their temperature and possibly lower salinity, do not mix well with the cooler, denser, saltier water below.

🅾️Warmer water has less density than colder water, so it stays on the surface. When this surface water is also low in nutrients, the separation creates a distinct upper layer that is nutrient-poor. Below this layer, there is colder, denser water that is richer in nutrients due to less exposure to sunlight and less biological activity.

⚠️IMPACTS :

⚜️1. It can hinder the upward movement of nutrients from the deeper, nutrient-rich layers to the surface, where sunlight is available for photosynthesis

⚜️2. It can alter the patterns of marine life

⚜️3. can also reduce the oxygen levels in the deeper ocean layers

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