#SnT **✅*NFHS -5 Survey- Anemia estimation

🅾️This challenges the assumption that iron deficiency is the primary driver of anemia in India.

🅾️This survey the risks associated with excess iron intake from supplementation programs, indicating that targeted rather than universal supplementation may be necessary.

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#SnT **✅*Pushpak: ISRO’s Reusable Launch Vehicle

🅾️What?- The Pushpak RLV is part of ISRO's technologically complex Reusable Launch Vehicle – Technology Demonstrator (RLV-TD) project.

🅾️Purpose?- The main goal of India's RLV program is to significantly reduce the cost of launching payloads into space by developing reusable launch vehicles. This would make space missions more affordable and accessible.

🅾️The Pushpak RLV builds on technology developed for the X-33, X-34, and upgraded DC-XA experimental spacecraft ( NASA). The Indian Air Force (IAF) supported the mission with a Chinook helicopter for the RLV's initial lift.

✴️Note : The Pushpak RLV is named after a flying chariot in the Hindu epic, the Ramayana.

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#Geography #Placesinnews #IR

✅Gulf of Tonkin

*🅾️Context : It is A body of water in the northwest part of the South China Sea.China has set a baseline in the Gulf, which is a way to claim territory in the sea.Vietnam is concerned because this overlaps with their claims in the South China Sea*

🔰Major points about the Gulf of Tonkin:

*⚜️1. Location-* See the map

*⚜️2. Borders:* The Gulf is bordered by the northern coast of Vietnam to the west and northwest, China’s Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region to the north, and the Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island to the east.

*⚜️3. Rivers:* Red River AKA Yuan River in Chinese is found here

*⚜️4. Major Ports:* Haiphong and Ben Thuy in Northern Vietnam, and Beihai (Pakhoi) in China.

*🛑Also read about*

*⚜️1. Paracel Islands- Click here ⚜️2. Salami Slicing strategy-* Click here

*⚜️3. UN bodies- UNCLOS-* Click here

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#SnT#Environment **✅*What is Ocean stratification?- Impacts

🅾️What?- This occurs when warmer surface waters, which are lighter due to their temperature and possibly lower salinity, do not mix well with the cooler, denser, saltier water below.

🅾️Warmer water has less density than colder water, so it stays on the surface. When this surface water is also low in nutrients, the separation creates a distinct upper layer that is nutrient-poor. Below this layer, there is colder, denser water that is richer in nutrients due to less exposure to sunlight and less biological activity.

⚠️IMPACTS :

⚜️1. It can hinder the upward movement of nutrients from the deeper, nutrient-rich layers to the surface, where sunlight is available for photosynthesis

⚜️2. It can alter the patterns of marine life

⚜️3. can also reduce the oxygen levels in the deeper ocean layers

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#SnT #Environment

✅What are Sea Anemones?

🅾️Sea anemones are saltwater animals-Despite their appearance, they are not plants.

🅾️Although they look flower-like, they are carnivorous. They use stinging cells called nematocysts on their tentacles to catch prey like small fish and crustaceans.

**⚠️One of the most fascinating aspects of sea anemone biology is their frequent symbiotic relationships:Clownfish and Anemones: Clownfish have a protective mucus coating that makes them immune to the anemone's stings. They live within the tentacles, gaining protection, while the anemone benefits from scraps of the clownfish's food and the fish chasing away potential predators.**

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#Geography#Placesinnews#IR **✅*Eastern Congo crisis- Rwandan Genocide-current crisis in North Kivu province

🅾️Context : Belgian colonial rule in Rwanda was between1916-1962. There were two tribes- Tutsi, the minority which was favored by belgium and Majority- Hutu. This created resentment and a power struggle upon independence.

🅾️A Hutu revolution in 1959 overthrew the Tutsi monarchy, forcing many Tutsis to flee as refugees.

🅾️In 1990- The Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), a Tutsi rebel group formed by refugees, launched a civil war in 1990.

🅾️First and Second Congo Wars (1996-97, 1998-2003): Stemming from the Rwandan genocide aftermath, involved multiple African nations, fueled by ethnic conflict and resource competition.

🅾️M23: A Tutsi-led Congolese rebel group formed in 2012, claiming to protect Tutsis

🅾️Accusations: Congo claims Rwandan support for M23, including troops, arms, and funding.

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#Polity **✅*Competition commission= PVR Case- Dominant position

🅾️Background of the law- Click here to read 🅾️The Allegations: Preferential Treatment to some movies and the Conflict of Interest- PVR was alleged to promote its own movies over others and since they are the largest multiplex players- they are killing smaller cinemas.

🅾️Competition Commission of India’s (CCI) Ruling: The CCI observed that PVR’s movie selections are based on what's likely to attract audiences and make money, similar to a music festival booking popular bands to draw big crowds

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#Environment **✅*Biopesticide

🅾️Context : scientists have found a natural remedy to protect eucalyptus forest plantations from a pest, eucalyptus snout beetle-The pest is indigenous to Australia

🅾️What?- It is a biopesticide for controlling beetle populations.

🅾️How?- fungi is developed by treating insecticidal activity, UV-B radiation tolerance among other parameters to ensure that recovered fungi are suitable to produce bio-insecticide and mass production and commercialisation.

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#Reports#Indices#Economy **✅*World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2024 Report

🅾️By?- International Labour Organization (ILO) - The report is its annual World Employment and Social Outlook report

🅾️Insight : The global jobless rate dropped below pre-COVID levels to 5.1% with labor force participation also bouncing back close to early 2020 levels. But concerns remain over the quality of work available.

🅾️Threat for 2024 : structural weaknesses like skills gaps and inadequate social protection

🅾️Real wages in India showing “positive” improvement in 2022 versus 2021 – exceeding the rate across all other G20 countries save Mexico.***

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