Anki Flashcards for USMLE

https://t.me/+yTfJr1hgup42NTk0

لطلاب الامتياز

*⬅️ طوارئ الباطنة*من كتاب Doctor guide الغني عن التعريف

الرزمه من صنع طالب⭐️⭐️⭐️
@ankidroidbot

In endometriosis :
? If cause vaginal bleeding it will be premenstrual spotting or intermenstrual spots ( Not menorrhagia nor oligomenorrhea , Amenorrhea )
?↑risk of ovarian cancer ( Endometrioid & clear cell )
? Uterus soft + Tender → Think in pregnancy then Adenomyosis and other causes so order pregnancy test first.

◻️Adenomyosis= symmetrical enlarged uterus
•Mainly clinical dx
•Sun ray appearance on ultrasound
•multipara ,40s , soft and tender uterus ( halban's sign)
•Rx progesterone therapy ( mirena or pills)
◻️ Fibroid = asymmetrical enlarged uterus or Markedly enlarged uterus
•At any age Rx of submucos fibroid is hysteroscopic myomectomy
◻️Pregnancy and its complications are not included in AUB classification
◻️Halban's
Sign = adenomyosis
Disease = irregular shedding
Theory= endometriosis
◻️Symmetrical enlarged uterus= adenomyosis and pregnancy, Metropathia hemorrhagica, submucous fibroid

◽Oligomenorrhea= problem in the ovulation (PCO) , risk of endometrial hyperplasia
◽Polymenorrhea= high FSH ⏩ early retirement ⏩short follicular phase , Met in perimenopausal women (Normal physiological pattern)
◻️ Metrorrhagia = Intermenstrual bleeding= think mainly about surface lesion like cervical polyp or breakthrough bleeding
◻️Menorrhagia and menostaxis = heavy menstrual bleeding ( excessive bleeding in the regular cycles)
Causes : IUD copper, submucos and interstitious fibroid

Rythm (N 28+-7 days)

35 oligomenorrhea
< 21polymenorrhea
Duration ( N 2-7 days)
7 menorrhagia
<2 hypomenorrhea
Amount ( 30-80 cc)
80 menorrhagia
<30 hypomenorrhea

An asymptomatic 52-year-old man is undergoing screening sigmoidoscopy. In the rectum, at 6 cm from the anal verge, a 2 cm yellow, submucosal nodule is noted. Deep endoscopic biopsies are consistent with carcinoid. Appropriate management includes which of the following?

a. Observation
b. Transanal excision
c. Low anterior resection
d. Abdominoperineal resection

Answer: bbbb

Q9) Vimal, a 70-years old male presents with a history of lower
GI bleed for last 6 months. Sigmoido-scopic examination
shows a mass, of 4 cm about 3.5 cm above the anal verge. The
treatment of choice is: