🟪BROKEN_HEART_SYNDROME🟪
( Takotsubo cardiomyopathy)

⏹ is a type of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy in which there is a sudden temporary weakening of the muscular portion of the heart. This weakening can be triggered by emotional stress, such as the death of a loved one, a break-up, or constant anxiety.
⏹Epidemiology:
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is rare, affecting 2% to 3% in western countries who suffer a myocardial infarction. It also affects far more women than men with 90% of cases being women, most menopausal. Scientists believe one reason is that estrogen causes the release of  catecholamine  and glucocorticoid in response to mental stress. The average ages at onset are between 58 and 75 years. Less than 3% of cases occurred in patients under age 50.

⏹ Signs and symptoms:
👨‍⚕ 👩‍⚕sudden onset of chest pain associated  with   ECG
 changes mimicking a myocardial infarction of the anterior wall.

⏹Causes:
Stress is the main factor in takotsubo cardiomyopathy, with over 85% of cases set in motion by either a physically or emotionally stressful event that prefaces the start of
symptoms .⤵️Examples of emotional stressors include grief from the death of a loved one, fear from public speaking, arguing with a spouse, relationship disagreements, betrayal, and financial problems.
Acute . 
⤵️In a few cases, the stress can be a happy event, such as a wedding, winning a jackpot, a sporting triumph, a reunion, or a birthday.

⏹ mechanisms:
👩‍⚕Transient vasospasm:  multiple simultaneous spasms of coronary arteries could cause enough loss of blood flow to cause transient stunning of the myocardium.
👨‍⚕Microvascular dysfunction.

⏹ Diagnosis:
🤳The diagnosis of takotsubo cardiomyopathy may be difficult upon presentation.
🤳The ECG findings are often confused with those found during an acute anterior wall myocardial infarction.
🤳It classically mimics ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, and is characterised by acute onset of transient ventricular apical wall motion abnormalities (ballooning) accompanied by chest pain, shortness of breath, ST-segment elevation, T-wave inversion or QT-interval prolongation on ECG.
🤳Cardiac enzymes are usually negative and are moderate at worst and cardiac catheterization usually shows absence of significant coronary artery disease

⏹Treatment :
👩‍⚕👨‍⚕The treatment of takotsubo cardiomyopathy is generally supportive in nature. Although patients with takotsubo heart disease may have low blood pressure, treatment with inotropes will usually exacerbate the disease. Since the disease is due to a high catecholamine state, patients should not be given inotropes.
🦚 Treatment recommendations include intra-aortic balloon pump, fluids, and negative inotropes such as beta blockers or calcium channel blockers.
🦚In many individuals, left ventricular function normalizes within 2 months.
 Aspirin and other heart drugs also appear to help in the treatment of this disease, even in extreme cases.
🦚After the patient has been diagnosed, and myocardial infarction (heart attack) ruled out, the aspirin regimen can be discontinued, and treatment becomes that of supporting the patient

⏹Prognosis:
👀Despite the grave initial presentation in some of the patients, most of the patients survive the initial acute event, with a very low rate of in-hospital mortality or complications.
👁The patients are expecting a favorable outcome once recovering from the acute stage of the syndrome, and the long-term prognosis is excellent.
https://t.me/Medical_Syndrome23

‏﷽
"۝ إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَمَلائِكَتَهُ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَى
النَّبِيِّ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا صَلُّوا
عَلَيْهِ وَسَلِّمُوا تَسْلِيمًا ۝"
ﷺ ??

‏﷽
"۝ إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَمَلائِكَتَهُ يُصَلُّونَ عَلَى
النَّبِيِّ يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا صَلُّوا
عَلَيْهِ وَسَلِّمُوا تَسْلِيمًا ۝"
ﷺ ??