#D/D of postural hypotension:

⛔️1.Hypovolemia(Vomiting, Diarrhoea, Diuretics)
⛔️2.Addison(Hypotensive)
⛔️3.Pheochromocytoma(Hypertensive)
⛔️4.Autonomic Neuropathy
Multiple system atrophy/Parkinson
Diabetes Mellitus.
Amyloidosis.
⛔️5.Drugs(ACEI, α-blocker, Diuretics)

Meralgia paresthetica

Different types of biopsies

#Dyspnae with clear chest:

Anxiety.
Anaemia.
Hypotension.
Hypoglycemia .
Sever Fatiguebility.
DKA acidotic breathing.
Neuromuscular diseases.
Brain stroke .
Morbid Obesity .
Pregnancy.
Polmonary embolism.
Sarcoidosis.

#refreshments

?Differential Diagnosis for Diabetic Ketoacidosis:
?Alcoholic ketoacidosis
?Starvation ketoacidosis
?Renal failure
?Lactic acidosis
?Ingestions
?Salicylates
?Ethylene glycol
?Methanol

1 unit of insulin lowers the blood glucose level by 30–40 mg/dL

Where as 10 g of carbohydrates increases the blood glucose level by 30–40 mg/dL

?Medical Mnemonics

Mnemonic to assess for risk factors for OSA(Obstructive sleep apnea):

? STOP - BANG

? Snore
? Tired
? Observed apnea
? high-blood Pressure

❄ BMI >35
❄ Age >50
❄ Neck circumference >40
❄ Gender Male.

?#Note :

Therapeutic options for cirrhotic portal hypertension:

Carvedilol, a unique type of NSBB that displays additional α1 adrenergic effects, has the capacity to:

✔️ enhance nitric oxide release

✔️and therefore has both extrahepatic and intrahepatic effects.

✨ Types of pylorplasty ✨

• Heineke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty involves a longitudinal incision across the pylorus that is closed transversely; this is the most commonly performed pyloroplasty

• Jaboulay pyloroplasty involves a side-to-side gastroduodenostomy without a pylorus incision (ie, the pylorus remains intact)

• Finney pyloroplasty also involves a side-to-side gastroduodenostomy but with a pylorus incision (ie, the pylorus is divided)

?Symptomatic hypoglycemia from intentional sulfonylurea overdose is treated with both dextrose and octreotide.

✅In adults, the dose of octreotide is 50 to 100 mcg administered by intramuscular, or subcutaneous, injection every six hours.

✅In children, the dose of octreotide is 1 to 1.5 mcg/kg (up to 50 mcg) every six hours.

✅the role of octreotide in hypoglycemia associated with therapeutic use of sulfonylureas is unclear.

#UpTodate2024