Perioperative Direct Oral Anticoagulant (DOAC) Dosing Schedule

Mechanisms of Action and Common Adverse Effects of 3 Classes of Antiobesity Medication

AMPA indicates α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid; GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid; GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1.

Bed bugs are small parasitic insects that eat only one thing—human blood—and they get it only one way: by biting people.
A bed bug does not eat much or often. If many bed bugs are present, occupants are more likely to see and be bothered by them. Bites may be red, swollen and itchy, and new bites may be seen each morning. Fortunately, bed bugs do not transmit any diseases.
Bed bugs are found worldwide from fancy hotels to ordinary homes. Because bed bugs seem to leave some people alone (even if they sleep in the same bed) and some people have almost no reaction to the bites, it is often difficult for people to accept that their home has bed bugs.

Use of 24-Hour History for Insomnia Assessment.
Insomnia manifests as a sleep problem but affects — and is affected by — daytime behaviors. A thorough insomnia history helps evaluate symptoms and behaviors both at night and during the day. Shown are key parts of an insomnia assessment across a 24-hour day.

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Magnesium and Cell Function.
Magnesium is an important cofactor for numerous enzymes. All ATPase reactions require Mg2+–ATP, including those involved in RNA and DNA biologic functions. It opposes calcium actions and acts as a second messenger. Magnesium influences circadian-clock genes, which control circadian rhythm in biologic systems. ADP denotes adenosine disphosphate.

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Mechanisms of Respiratory Failure in Patients with Botulism.
The botulinum neurotoxin can lead to respiratory failure by affecting the muscles involved in respiration, the muscles involved in maintaining airway tone, or the muscles involved in airway clearance. In addition, autonomic dysfunction may contribute to the development of respiratory failure.

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