SAH

Patients with poor neurological status may require early surgery aimed at addressing complications such as acute #hydrocephalus and intraparenchymal haematomas. Such #surgery can remove the viscous clots from the basal subarachnoid cisterns and place clips on aneurysms before #vasospasm develops

Hydranencephaly (HE)

HE is a rare entity that occurs in utero, in which the cerebral hemispheres are completely or almost completely missing which is transformed into a membranous sac filled with CSF , glial tissue, and #ependyma. The cerebellum, midbrain, BG, thalami and choroid plexus are generally not involved.

Hemihydranencephaly is less common disorder characterised by a unilateral absence of one cerebral #hemisphere.

Several aetiologies have been described, but the hypothesis of bilateral occlusion of the supraclinoid segment of the ICAs

Figure ;
Ballooning of the supratentorial and infratentorial compartments resulting in a secondary meningocele through the sutures, elevation of the #tentorium and ballooning of the anterior and middle cranial fossa.

#neurology

Failure of normal cleavage of #telencephalon into two cerebral hemispheres results in distinctive anomalies; the milder forms include #arrhinencephaly, in which there is
1. Absence of olfactory bulbs (yellow arrows )
2. Agenesis of corpus callosum

#neurology #embryology

Cryptogenic stroke has been hypothesized to be due to:
1. nonstenotic plaque rupture,
2. pAF,
3. underlying malignancies,
4. undefined coagulation
disorders.
Embolic stroke of undetermined source, a subset of cryptogenic stroke, has a defined minimum evaluation required before one concludes there is not an identifiable cause

1. Criteria for diagnosing ESUS
   A. Stroke in CT or MRI is not lacunar
   B. Absence of extra or intracranial atherosclerosis causing ≥50% stenosis in arteries supplying the area of ischemia
   C. No major-risk cardioembolic source of embolism
   D. No other specific cause of stroke (arteritis, dissection, migraine/vasospasm, drug misuse)

2. Proposed diagnostic assessment for ESUS
   A. Brain CT or MRI
   B. ECG
   C. Echo
   D. Cardiac monitoring for ≥24 h with automated rhythm detection
   E. Imaging of the extracranial and intracranial arteries supplying the area of brain ischemia (catheter, MR, or CTA or cervical duplex plus transcranial Doppler)

https://youtu.be/8obatfIOrtE?si=j_Lm4AoaCzrhQtHl

Radiomics is defined as the high-throughput extraction of quantitative features that results in the conversion of images into minable data and the subsequent analysis of these data for decision support. The process of radiomics starts with delineating the region of interest, that is, the tumor, in an imaging study and then extracting quantitative data from the segmented volumes and entering them, as well as other clinical and genomic data, into a database. This database is subsequently mined, with use of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and/or statistical analysis, to predict the diagnosis and outcome.

#neurology #radiology