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*?*Valley of Kashmir Neolithic Sites and their Characteristics

✅ Burzahom, an important site of this culture, provides evidence for the Megalithic and Early Historic Periods.
✅ People lived in pit dwellings to escape the cold weather. The houses were oval in shape, wide at the bottom and narrow at the top.
✅ They used bone & stone tools. There was evidence of menhirs (standing stone) and the use of redware pottery
and metal objects. They used copper arrowheads.
✅ The people practised agriculture and domesticated animals.
✅ Seeds of wheat, barley, common pea and lentil have been recovered from the excavations. The use of lentil suggests that they had contacts with Central Asia.
✅ They were contemporary to Harappa civilization and traded with them.
✅ Two phases of Neolithic culture have been identified. They are termed aceramic and ceramic phases. Aceramic phase did not have evidence of ceramics. The ceramic phase shows evidence of pottery.
✅ They also used black ware pottery, beads of agate and carnelian and painted pottery.
✅ A burial site produced wild dog bone and antler horn. An engraving of a hunting scene is depicted on a stone with dog and sun.**

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**Post Mauryan Architecture

✅With the decline of the Mauryan Empire several small dynasties rose to power. Among them, Shungas, Kanvas, Kushanas & Shakas in the north & Satvahanas, Ikshavakus, Abhiras, & Vakatakas in Southern & Western India gained prominence
✅The architecture in the form of rock-cut caves & stupas continued, with each dynasty introducing some unique features of their own
✅Similarly, different schools of sculpture emerged and the art of sculpture reached its climax in the post-Mauryan period
✅The construction of rock caves continued as in the Mauryan period.However, this period saw the development of 2 types of rock caves Chaitya and Viharas. Chaitya was a rectangular prayer hall with a stupa placed in the center, for the purpose of prayer & Viharas were used as the residences of the monks
✅Post Mauryan period stupas became larger.
✅Post Mauryan empire three prominent schools of the sculpture came into prominence in 3 different regions of India namely Gandhara, Mathura & Amravati schools**

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