https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O708345/labours-may-day-cartoon-walter-crane/

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Labour's May Day | Walter Crane | V&A Explore The Collections

Walter Crane. 'Labour's May Day.' c.1890

Fa’afafine were (and are) expected to carry out womanly jobs around the house. Sometimes, if there was an excess of boys born into a family, one might be chosen to be raised as a Fa’afafine - usually, however, it was not forced upon children and depended upon how they acted when young.

A Dane, Niss was likely inspired by the old Nordic tales of the spirits of drowned fishermen coming to haunt their crewmates.
The ghost bares a resemblance to the draug of Scandinavian folklore.
This is discussed a bit more here. I don't know the credibility of this YouTuber but sources discussing this painting and the legends around it were scant, and it's always nice to support a small channel.

YouTube

The Draug - a Scary and Deadly Character From Norwegian Folklore

The Draug is a creature from Norwegian folklore, primarily in areas along the coast. He's definitely not someone you'd want to meet. IMAGES: Various photos from the Trondheim Fjord taken by me Draugen, Theodor Kittelsen, 1857-1914 (public domain) Skipsforlis…

The drowned man's ghost tries to claim a new victim for the sea (Den druknedes genfærd søger at skaffe havet et nyt offer)
(Thorvald Niss, date unknown).
Zoomable image

In the Jade Emperor's great race of all the zodiac animals, mentioned above, the dragon was the only mythological creature. It also behaves differently in the myth than one would expect. It stopped mid-race to extinguish a fire, and saved the rabbit from drowning with its breath. This meant it only finished fifth.

You can read more on Old English Epiphany here.

You can read more on Old English Epiphany here.

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'Ða easternan tungelwitegan gesawon niwne steorran beorhtne'

Adoration of the Magi in the Benedictional of St Æthelwold ( BL Additional 49598, f. 24v ) Some extracts from Ælfric's sermon on the Ep...

Today is Epiphany, the day on which the Magi allegedly visited the newborn Jesus, bringing the Christmas period to a close.
Image: Adoration of the Magi in the Benedictional of St Æthelwold. c.963-984, England.

Japanese Americans celebrate New Year's Eve at Central Utah (Topaz) Relocation Center (internment camp),
Joseph Aoki portrays Father Time and his son Tommy, Baby New Year 1945.