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Basic Cell Structure
The Use And Parts Of Microscopy.
Staining, Centrifugation

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And finally All Cell related And Microscopy Related Questions From 2012_2015 Solutions to CoC questions.

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✅Fluid Mosaic Model of Plasma Membrane

♦️What is Fluid Mosaic Model of Plasma Membrane?
➖ Fluid mosaic model was proposed by S.J. Singer and Garth L. Nicolson
➖ This model explains the structure of the plasma membrane
➖ Plasma membranes made up of phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates
➖ These components give a fluid character to the membranes
➖ Cholesterol and proteins are embedded in the bilayer that gives the membrane a mosaic look

♦️Components of Plasma Membrane
➖ Phospholipid: The main fabric of plasma membrane
➖ Proteins: Inner or outer and embedded within phospholipid layers
➖ Cholesterol: Between phospholipids and phospholipid bilayers
➖ Carbohydrates: Attached to proteins on outside membrane layers

♦️Role of the components of Plasma Membrane

🌀Phospholipids
➖ Phospholipids Have a hydrophilic head and fatty acid tail, form a bilayer separating the cell from the outside.
➖ They are fluid and components can move around freely
➖ Permeable to small and non-polar molecules
➖ Impermeable to large molecules and ions and prevent these substances from passing thorough

🌀Proteins
➖ Integral Proteins: These proteins form channels to allow the movement of large molecules and ions across the hydrophobic layer of the membrane.
➖ Peripheral Proteins: These are found embedded in a single leaflet of the membrane. They carry signals from one segment of the membrane and relay it to another.
➖ Glycoproteins: They stabilize the membrane and are responsible for intercellular communication.

🌀Cholesterol
➖ It helps the plasma membrane to retain the fluidity. It is present between the phospholipids and prevents the compaction of hydrophilic tails at low temperatures and their expansion at high temperatures.

♦️Functions of Plasma Membrane
➖ Structural, keeping the cell contents together
➖ Separate cell components from the outside environment
➖ Allows cells to communicate with each other by cell signalling
➖ Allows recognition of other external substances
➖ Allows mobility in some organisms, e.g. amoeba
➖ Selectively permeable barrier
➖ Regulating the transport of materials into or out of cells
➖ The site of various chemical reactions

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The Liver

Contributes Mainly To maintenance of homeostatic stability of the body
Supplied with blood by hepatic portal vein

Major Functions

✅ Regulation of blood sugar level.

✅ Balancing of fat and Cholesterol level

✅ Deamination: the process of removal of Amino Acids

✅ Detoxification: removing of Toxics

✅ Temperature Control

Second most complex organ next to brain
Largest organ next to skin
The largest gland.

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