The map above gives a rough population estimate for various parts of the Roman Empire in 165 AD.

It should be noted, of course, that these are estimates, as we do not have detailed census data from the Romans as we do for modern countries.

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Iron Pillar in Delhi, India

The Iron Pillar in Delhi is one of the oldest surviving iron monuments in the world. It is located in the Qutb complex and dates back to the 4th century AD.

It was erected in honour of the Hindu god Vishnu and King Chandragupta II. The column is made of almost pure wrought iron and is 7.21 metres high (1.12 metres of which is at ground level), weighs 6.5 tonnes and has a diameter of 42 cm at its lower end, which decreases to around 30 cm at the top.

It is particularly remarkable because, despite its age, it shows hardly any signs of rust. This is thanks to a protective layer called misawit, which has formed over the years and prevents corrosion.

Following various instances of damage and graffiti, a fence was erected around the originally free-standing Iron Column in 1997.

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