‘The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. Freemen and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild-master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another carried on an uniterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary re-constitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes’

~ Marx, Communist Manifesto

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‘…just as the Christians are equal in heaven, but unequal on earth, so individual members of the nation are equal in the heaven of their political world, but unequal in the earthly existence of society.’

~ Marx, Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right

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Cohen taqdim etgan tahliliy doiraga ko‘ra, jamiyatning u yoki bu guruhi—bo‘lganda ham bunday guruh jamiyat a’zolarining juda kichik bir qatlamini tashkil etadi—tomonidan muayyan deviant xulq-atvor namoyish etiladi hamda mazkur xulq-atvor jamiyatga kichik zarar yetkazadi. U nashr etgan tadqiqotda bu Mod va Rock guruhlari tomonidan amalga oshirilgan vandalizm harakatlari edi.

Keyingi bosqichda, media voqealarni bo‘rttirib ko‘rsatadi. Bunda yetkazilgan zarar ko‘lami, harakat doirasi bo‘rttirib ko‘rsatiladi. Bundan tashqari, deviant guruh a’zolari jamiyatga tahdid sifatida (Cohen bu jarayonni Folk Devils ya’ni Iblis kimsalarning yaratilishi deb tushuntiradi) gavdalantiriladi.

Bunda media, davlat yoki diniy institutlar jamiyatdagi xulq-atvor normalari chegaralarini belgilab beruvchi ahloq yaratuvchilari (moral entrepreneur) sifatida jarayonlarda ishtirok etadi. Jarayonlar esa muayyan darajadagi simvolizatsiyani o‘z ichiga qamrab oladi. U yoki bu obyekt yoki dress kod ahloqiy sarosima keltirib chiqargan guruh bilan bog‘lanadi. Simvollar ishtirok etgan har qanday jarayon huquqqa xilof hatti-harakat deb e’tirof etiladi.

Natijada, jamiyatda disproportsional qo‘rquv yoki sarosima shakllanadi. Buning disproportsionalligi shundaki, jamiyatda generatsiya qilingan qo‘rquv/sarosima darajasi jamiyatga real tahdid darajasidan oshib ketadi.

Yakunda esa, bularning barchasi yuqoridagi deviant guruhga nisbatan disproportsional davlat ta’sir choralari ko‘rilishiga olib keladi. Masalan, sovet davrida yuzaga kelgan g‘arb yurish-turish va kiyinishiga amal qiluvchi stlyagalar dastlab submadaniyat sifatida qaralgan. Ularga gazetalarda, sovet yig‘inlarida bo‘rttirilgan reaksiyalarga uchragan. Bu esa jamiyatda noformal politsiyani shakllantirilgan. Komsomolchi otryadlar uzun soch, klyosh shim va g‘arb attributida bo‘lgan har qanday tengqurlarini sazoyi qilgan. Hattoki, ularga jismoniy tahdid qilgan.

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Hattoki, bugungi kunda konsolidatsiyalashgan demokratiyalar ham McCarthyism paranoyasi kabi davrini o‘z boshidan kechirgan.

Reaksion o‘ng hukumatning anti-kommunist jazavasi akademik erkinlikni cheklab o‘tmagan. Universitetlar professorlari bilan bog‘liq sadoqat qasamyodi nizolarini yuzaga keltirgan.

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‘It is solely by risking life that freedom is obtained; . . . the individual who has not staked his or her life may, no doubt, be recognized as a Person; but he or she has not attained the truth of this recognition as an independent self-consciousness’.

~ Georg Hegel, The Phenomenology of Mind (New York, 1967), p. 233.