Correct Answer - C
Ans. C. Acetylcholine
Nerve supply of sweat gland is unique in that it k sympathetic but
cholinergic (most other sympathetic sites are noradrenergic)

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Correct Answer - C
Ans. C. Free nerve endings
Pain receptors are free nerve endings, i.e. they are not enclosed in a capsule.

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Correct Answer - B
Ans: B. Hyperparathyroidism

The serum calcitonin level is strongly increased in this type of
cancer.

After successful total thyroidectomy, calcitonin is no
longer detectable.

Increasing concentrations of calcitonin after therapy indicate relapse or metastasis.

Hyperparathyroidism is
present in 20-30% of patients with medullar thyroid carcinoma.

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name the traid of this syndrome
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Correct Answer - B
Ans: B. Obstructive lung disease

Measurement of the bronchodilator response of forced expiratory
volume in 1 second (FEV1) is an important method in clinical
respiratory medicine.

This measurement is used to predict the response to bronchodilator treatment and is part of the diagnosis of COPD and asthma.

The bronchodilator response of forced vital capacity (FVC) has less
clinical use than the bronchodilator response of FEV1 but may add
important clinical physiological information

Airway obstruction was defined as FEV1/FVC ratio below lower limit
of normal (LLN) before bronchodilation, and COPD was defined as an FEV1/FVC ratio below LLN after bronchodilation.

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Correct Answer - A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Generation of HCO-3 in RBCs

Carbon dioxide is transported in blood as plasma bicarbonate.

Red blood cells (RBCs) play a major role in the mechanism because
RBCs contain the enzyme carbonic anhydrase that catalyzes the
reaction CO2 + H2O = HCO3 +
Hence when CO2 diffuses into the RBC, it reacts chemically with
water to generate HCO3-.
The ft ions are mopped up by hemoglobin, which is an excellent
buffer.
.
This enables the reaction to proceed in the forward direction.
The HCO3- ions generated diffuse out into the plasma in exchange
for Cl- ions that diffuse into RBCs simultaneously.

The movement of chloride ions into RBC is called Chloride shift.
The above events results in an increase in total number ions inside the RBC, which increases its osmolarity.

As a result, water enters the RBC through osmosis.

The RBCs carrying CO2 in bicarbonate form will therefore be
somewhat larger than normal.

Hence the hematocrit of venous blood is normally 3% greater than
that of arterial blood.

o In the lungs, Cl- moves out of the RBCs and they shrink.

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Correct Answer - C
Ans. C. Adrenal medulla
[Ref: Textbook of Human physiology by sherwood p.681.]

The Adrenal medulla is actually a modified part of the sympathetic
nervous system.

The adrenal medulla consists of modified postganglionic
sympathetic neurons called chromaffin cells.

Unlike ordinary postganglionic sympathetic neurons, chromaffine
cells, do not have axonal fibers that terminate on effector organs.
Instead, on stimulation by preganglionic fibers, the chromaffine in cells release their chemical transmitter directly into theblood.

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