Key Takeaways from "The Lessons of History" by Will & Ariel Durant

Chapter I: Hesitations
*➡️ Partial Knowledge and Bias: Historical knowledge is inherently incomplete and subject to the biases of historians. As the popular saying goes "Most history is guessing, and the rest is prejudice."
*➡️ Relativity in History: Historical events and their interpretations are subject to change as new evidence comes to light. Durants argue, "The historian always oversimplifies and hastily selects a manageable minority of facts and faces from the multitudinous mass of his material."**

*➡️ Acceleration of Change: The pace of change has increased dramatically in modern times, complicating historical analysis. Charles Péguy's quote, "The world changed less since Jesus Christ than in the last thirty years," illustrates the rapidity of recent developments.*

*➡️ Historical Methodology: Authors argue "The present is the past rolled up for action, and the past is the present unrolled for understanding."*

Chapter II: History and the Earth

*➡️ Geological Influence: Natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, and volcanic eruptions have profoundly impacted human civilizations. For instance, the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD buried the city of Pompeii.*

*➡️ Environmental Impact: The environment, including climate and geography, plays a critical role in shaping societies. Durants assert, "Geography is the matrix of history." For example, the Nile River's predictable flooding allowed Egyptian civilization to thrive.
*➡️ Geographic Centers: Civilizations often arise in areas with abundant resources. The fertile crescent in Mesopotamia, nourished by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, is a prime example of geographic advantages fostering early urban development.
➡️ Climate Change and Societal Shifts: Climate changes can lead to the rise or fall of civilizations. Durants highlight, "Let rain become too rare, and civilization disappears under sand," referencing how prolonged droughts contributed to the decline of the Mayan civilization. (1/6)

You can use this content when you are writing Essay on following themes:

☑️ Civilization vs Culture
☑️ Lessons of History
☑️ History vs Geography

If you are still struggling with Essay Paper then join Essay Enrichment Program by Prepcareer IAS.... where Ideas/Insights from such famous books and well-known Authors are discussed in depth.

For enquiries related to Essay Enrichment Program, here is the link to register ???https://forms.gle/rWrjJNvmt7PqmwNc9 Join @essayprepcareer for more such content !!**

Krishnagiri Model of Women Empowerment

*➡️Issues:*

☑️ High incidence of child marriage,
☑️ Prenatal sex selection,
☑️ Low child-sex ratio (920 vs. state average of 946)
☑️ Low female literacy (65%).
*➡️ Initiatives:*

☑️ Establishment of manufacturing units in electronics, mobile assembly, electric scooters, and footwear.
☑️ Large-scale employment of women due to perceived higher productivity and dexterity.

➡️ Results

☑️Shift in household perceptions - Girls are being viewed as breadwinners.
☑️ Declining Child Marriage and School Dropout Rates
☑️ Increased average age of marriage
☑️ Higher female enrolment in polytechnic institutes.

#casestudy #mains2024 #upsc

Ayushman Bharat Scheme: Outcomes
*☑️ 34.73 crore Ayushman Bharat cards generated
☑️ 7.37 crore hospital admissions have been covered
by the scheme.
☑️ 49 per cent of beneficiaries are females.*
#data #mains2024 #economicsurvey

Key Insights from "Why Nations Fail" by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson

*➡️ Inclusive Institutions vs. Extractive Institutions: Nations flourish with inclusive institutions that secure property rights, uphold the rule of law, and allow broad participation in economic and political activities. Conversely, extractive institutions, which concentrate power and wealth among a few, stifle innovation and economic progress, leading to stagnation and inequality.*

For example, The stark difference between North and South Korea highlights how North Korea's extractive institutions caused massive poverty, while South Korea's inclusive institutions have driven prosperity despite s**imilar cultural and geographic conditions.

➡️ Critical Junctures and Institutional Drift: Critical junctures are significant events that disrupt existing political and economic balances, leading to divergent paths. For example, The Black Death reduced labour supply which empowered workers in Western Europe to demand better conditions, as a result, fostered more inclusive institutions. In contrast, Eastern Europe reinforced serfdom, leading to more extractive institutions.

➡️ Political Centralization: Effective political centralization is essential for inclusive institutions. Without a central authority to enforce laws and protect property rights, societies can descend into chaos, as seen in Somalia.

➡️ Creative Destruction: Inclusive institutions facilitate creative destruction, a process where outdated systems and technologies are replaced by new, more efficient ones. This** is essential for long-term economic growth.

*➡️ Sustainable Economic Growth: While extractive institutions can generate short-term economic growth, as seen in historical Russia and contemporary China, this growth is unsustainable without transitioning to inclusive institutions. *Long-term prosperity requires political and economic reforms that foster inclusiveness.

If you are still struggling with Essay Paper then join Essay Enrichment Program by Prepcareer IAS.... where Ideas/Insights from such famous books and well-known Authors are discussed in depth.

For enquiries related to Essay Enrichment Program, here is the link to register ???https://forms.gle/rWrjJNvmt7PqmwNc9 For more such content join** @essayprepcareer

Handout for Ethics Excellence Program Class 1 by **Atul Garg Sir

In this Handout, you will learn about

✓ Ethics and Human Interface
✓ Contribution of Moral Thinkers & Philosophers (India & World)
✓ Case Studies on Above Issues

Utilize this handout to score a decent marks in Ethics in Mains 2024

Here's the link for the Live Class (Join Now)??https://youtube.com/live/sL0gM9gYjjI For more information call 9310978553

To get regular such updates Followhttp://t.me/prepcareer & Subscribe to our YouTube channel**https://www.youtube.com/@prepcareerias

**Ethics Excellence Program Class-1 by Atul Garg Sir.

Prepcareer IAS is organizing a YouTube live Class on "Ethics & Human Interface".

⏰Today at 05:15 PM

Here's the link for the video??https://youtube.com/live/sL0gM9gYjjI If you want to learn Ethics from Atul sir, then Register herehttps://forms.gle/8ubNaXEYY4MDqVob9 For more information call 9310978553

To get regular such updates Followhttp://t.me/prepcareer & Subscribe to our YouTube channel**https://www.youtube.com/@prepcareerias

YouTube

Ethics Excellence program Class 1 | Ethics & Human Interface | Atul Garg Sir | UPSC | Prepcareer IAS

In this video, Atul Sir, is teaching "Ethics & Human Interface" Atul Garg Sir, a pioneer in teaching Ethics, Integrity & Aptitude (GS Paper-IV) since 2013, has guided over 32,000 students. His class room discussions and Case Studies have directly influenced…

**Philosophical Essays can be cakewalk for you if you understand the nature and essence of it, in its totality...

Go through this strategic document where each and every aspect of Philosophical Essay have been discussed. This is definitely going to be helpful for you if you are still struggling with Philosophical Essays !!

Don't forget to leave your reactions if it benefits you !!**

Secrets which will make you score 450+ Marks in GS.

Continuing with our message in the series about how despite good optional Marks, why it is essential to score a decent marks in GS. We dissected the copies of various toppers and found, it was not merely the way they write but how they understood and made the reader understand their answers.

This is essential because
✓ It is ultimately your mains copy through which it is decided whether you are apt for becoming an officer or not
✓ It is those limited words which makes or break the civil services dream.

We have dissected these elements in our session today, where we have carefully evaluated and tried to explain
✓ What are the best practises which toppers follow subject wise ?
✓ How they set the context of the answer?
✓ How they culminate various methodologies of answer drafting and make marks fetching answer ?

The session will start at 12:20. Here is the link to attend. ?*?*?**
https://youtube.com/live/Ir87gpYmBFE?feature=share