#Attestatsiya
#Grammar
#Useful

🔖 Speaking va writingda eng ko'p xato qilinadigan mavzulardan biri - Subject-Verb Agreement

Subject-verb agreement (ega va fe’lning muvofiqligi) ingliz tilida murakkab qoidalardan biri hisoblanadi. Bu qoida egaga mos ravishda fe’l shaklini tanlashga asoslanadi. O‘zbek tilida bu muammo kam uchraydi, chunki fe’l shakllari ko‘proq son yoki kelishik bo‘yicha o‘zgaradi. Ingliz tilida esa bu qoida ko‘p istisnolarga ega.

🖇️1️⃣ - Qoida:

▪️Birlikdagi (singular) ega uchun – fe’lga -s yoki -es qo‘shiladi:
She works hard every day. (U har kuni qattiq ishlaydi.)

▪️Ko‘plik (plural) ega uchun – asosiy fe’l shakli ishlatiladi:
They work hard every day. (Ular har kuni qattiq ishlaydi.)

2️⃣ Collective Nouns 

▪️Jamlovchi otlar (family, team, group) ba’zan yakka, ba’zan ko‘plik sifatida qaraladi:

The team is playing well. (Jamoa yaxshi o‘ynayapti.) (Birlik – bitta jamoa nazarda tutilmoqda.)

The team are arguing about the strategy. (Jamoa strategiya haqida bahslashmoqda.) (Ko‘plik – har bir a’zosi nazarda tutilmoqda.)

3️⃣. Indefinite Pronouns (Noaniq olmoshlar): Har doim Singular!

▪️Each, everyone, somebody, nobody kabi noaniq olmoshlar har doim birlik shaxsdagi fe’l talab qiladi:

Everybody wants to be happy. (Hamma baxtli bo‘lishni xohlaydi.)

Someone is knocking at the door. (Kimdir eshikni taqillatmoqda.)

4️⃣ Two Subjects Connected by 'And': Ko‘plik

▪️Agar ikki ega and (va) bilan bog‘langan bo‘lsa, fe’l ko‘plik shaklida bo‘ladi:

Lola and Gulshoda are studying for their exams. (Lola va Gulshoda imtihonlariga tayyorlanishyapti.)

Istisno:
Agar ikki ega bitta butunlikni anglatadigan bo‘lsa, singular shakl ishlatiladi.

Rice and curry is my favorite dish. (Guruch va kori mening sevimli taomim. Bitta ovqat nazarda tutilyapti)

5️⃣. Either/Or va Neither/Nor Qoidasi

▪️Either... or va neither... nor tuzilmalarida fe’l ikkinchi ega ga mos keladi.

Either my brother or my parents are coming tomorrow. (Yoki akam yoki ota-onam ertaga keladi.) (Parents – ko‘plik, shuning uchun "are.")

Neither the teacher nor the student was present. (Na o‘qituvchi, na o‘quvchi hozir bo‘lgan.) (Student – yakka, shuning uchun "was.")

6️⃣. Fractions va Percentages

Half of the class is absent. (Sinfning yarmi yo‘q.) (Class – birlik.)

Half of the students are absent. (Talabalarning yarmi yo‘q.) (Students – ko‘plik.)

7️⃣. Distances, Time, va Money – Singular

▪️Masofa, vaqt va pul birliklari birlik fe’l talab qiladi:

Five miles is too far to walk. (Besh mil yurish uchun juda uzoq.)

Ten dollars is enough. (O‘n dollar yetarli.)

8️⃣. Titles, Books, va Filmlar – Yakka

▪️Kitob va filmlar nomlari har doim birlikdagi fe’l bilan ishlatiladi, hatto ko‘plik ko‘rinishda bo‘lsa ham:

"The Chronicles of Narnia" is a popular book series. (“Narniya Yozuvlari” mashhur kitob seriyasidir.)

Subject-verb agreement qoidalari o‘ziga xos murakkabliklarga ega bo‘lsa-da, ularni puxta o‘rganish bilan ingliz tilida xatolardan qochish mumkin. Asosiy e’tibor egani to‘g‘ri aniqlash va unga mos fe’l shaklini tanlashga qaratilishi kerak!

🎓 🎓 Prepared by Munira Bebutova

https://t.me/LEARN_ENGLISH_ONLINE9

Янги йил бу қандай байрам? Диний ёки дунёвий? © Subyektiv uz Jamshidxon ... https://youtube.com/watch?v=Wx0aTSuWbpU&si=csm7feE0ECdb9s-d

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📌 Advocate - 1. Himoyachi, tarafdor. 2. ommaviy tavsiya qilish yoki qo'llab-quvvatlash.

🔹 She is a passionate advocate for environmental protection and sustainability. - U atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish va barqarorlikni himoya qiluvchi faol tarafdordir.

🔹 As an advocate for mental health awareness, he speaks at schools and community centers. - Ruhiy salomatlik haqida xabardorlikni oshirish tarafdori sifatida u maktablarda va jamoat markazlarida nutq so'zlaydi.

🔹 The teacher advocated for smaller class sizes to improve the quality of education. - O'qituvchi ta'lim sifatini oshirish uchun sinflarni kichraytirishni yoqladi.

🔹 They advocate for better working conditions in the factory. - Ular zavodda ish sharoitlarini yaxshilashni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi.

Prepared by Munira Bebutova🌸****
https://t.me/LEARN_ENGLISH_ONLINE9

📌 "Let's agree to disagree" - "Kelinglar, har kim o'z fikrida qolsin, urushmasdan tortishmasdan davom etaylik/boshqa mavzuga o'taylik" degan ma'noda ishlatiladi.

📝 Examples:
🔹 - English: "We both have different opinions on politics, but let’s agree to disagree and move on."
- Uzbek: "Biz siyosat bo'yicha turlicha fikrdamiz, lekin har kim o'z fikrida qolsin va davom etamiz."

🔹 - English: "I don't think we will ever agree on this topic, so let’s agree to disagree."
- Uzbek: "Menimcha, bu mavzu bo'yicha hech qachon kelisholmaymiz, shuning uchun har kim o'z fikrida qolsin."

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? Nechta topdingiz?

6 ta - ?
5 ta - ?
4 ta - ♥️
3 ta - ?
2 ta - ?
1 ta - ?

? Isolated - Izolyatsiya qilingan, ajratib qo'yilgan
   - Meaning: To be separated from others; remote or secluded.
   - Example: The small cabin was isolated in the mountains, far from any town or village.

? Drag - sudramoq, tortmoq, tashimoq.
   - Meaning: To pull along forcefully, often with difficulty.
   - Example: He had to drag the heavy suitcase up the stairs because there was no elevator.

? Scrawny - Yupqa; o'ta ozg'in
   - Meaning: Unattractively thin and bony.
   - Example: The scrawny stray cat was looking for food in the alley behind the restaurant.

? Scarce - Kam
   - Meaning: Insufficient in amount or quantity; not plentiful.
   - Example: Fresh water became scarce during the drought.

? Pioneer - Kashshof, qayergadir 1- bo'lib boradigan o'rgananib- o'rnashadigan odam.
   - Meaning: A person who is among the first to explore or settle a new country or area.
   - Example: The pioneers crossed the plains in covered wagons during the westward expansion of the United States.

? Shrivel - quruqshab qolish, bujmayish,
   - Meaning: To wrinkle and contract, typically due to loss of moisture or aging.
   - Example: The leaves on the plant began to shrivel during the dry spell.

? Reckless - Ehtiyotsiz
    - Meaning: Acting without thinking about the consequences; careless or irresponsible.
    - Example: His reckless driving led to an accident on the highway.

? Abject - o'ta yomon
    - Meaning: Extremely bad, unpleasant, or degrading.
    - Example: The refugees were living in abject poverty, with little food or shelter.

? Ingenious - Aqlli
    - Meaning: Clever, original, and inventive.
    - Example: The engineer devised an ingenious solution to the complex problem.

? Accelerate - Tezlashtirish
    - Meaning: To increase in speed or rate.
    - Example: The car accelerated quickly as it merged onto the highway.

? Descend - Pastga tushish, ...dan o'tmoq
    - Meaning: To move or fall downward.
    - Example: The hikers began to descend the mountain as darkness fell.

Prepared by Munira Bebutova

https://t.me/LEARN_ENGLISH_ONLINE9