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Model answer
Introduction : Panchayati Raj institutions were established in India by the 73rd constitutional amendment Act of 1993. It has often been Perceived as a significant landmark in the evolution of grassroot democracy in India.

Body

Importance of Panchayati Raj System- Panchayats help in realising the ideals of democracy by involving people in the decision making process.
- It plays an important role in identifying the local beneficiaries of various programmes like that of poverty elimination and family planning etc.
- PRIs help in implementation of various development programme like mass education and family planning etc.
- It helps in realising the Gandhi's ideals of making each village a republic of its own.
- Provision of mandatory 33% reservation to women help in participation of women in political arena.

Though, PRIs has been in the country for around 3 decades , there is only a limited succes attributed to it. Since panchayats greatly depends on the government grants, lack of financial autonomy is one of the lacunae of 73rd amendment act.

Souces other than Government grants for financing projects:-
- Panchayats has the power of raising revenue through local taxes, but in many cases the state's legislature's approval is necessary.
- Land revenue generated from the villages.
- Toll tax for the tolls present in the village, water tax etc.

Conclusion
However, panchayats greatly depends on government since the revenue it earns from the taxes is minimal. Panchayats play a pivotal role to make democracy reach grassroots. Thus it is the need of the hour to address the issue of financial autonomy with PRIs.

Practice Question for today

Asses the importance of the Panchayati Raj System in India as a part of local government. Apart from government grants, what sources the Panchayats can look out for financing developmental projects? (250 words)

-PYQ 2018

Model answer

India's traditional art forms have been a source of pride & economic benefits throughout its history. However, in modern times it was affected by several factors including British rule.

Decline of traditional artisanal industry in British India happened due to various reasons:
1. Industrialization in Britain which led to flooding of cheap machine made goods in Indian market. Handicrafts were costly as compared to these goods.
2. Lack of patronage to artisans as it was prevalent in Mughal and early ruling class.
3. Heavy duties were applied on exports to Europe and middle East.

It crippled rural economy as,
Artisan class turned to agriculture which was already burdened, leading to reduced incomes.
Earlier small industries got shut down due to lack of advances and credit.
Further, new money lender class made artisans heavily debt ridden.
Ideological superiority of British Goods killed innovation in Rural Indian minds.
Thus, it led to huge losses of traditional knowledge and creativity of artisans.

Practice Question for today

Explain how the decline of traditional artisan industry in colonial India crippled the rural economy. (150 words)

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Model answer

Introduction: Article 44 of the Indian constitution provides for uniform civil code in india. UCC proposes to replace the personal laws of various religions based on the scriptures and customs with a common set of laws governing every citizen.

Body:
However there are many factors that inhibit India from enacting a uniform civil code:
• India is very diverse religiously thus practical challenges for common set of rules for marriage , divorce , inheritance etc
• Perceived as encroachment on religious freedom especially by the minorities.
• UCC is against fundamental rights under article 25 and article 26
• Masses are unaware of the long term benefits of UCC pertaining to marriage etc.
• May threaten the culture and identity of minorities.

Conclusion:
Despite challenges, irrational practices backed by personal laws hold no merit in the modern democratic world. Therefore UCC implementation will ensure equality before law to all as provided in the constitution.

Practice Question for today

•Discuss the multiple factors that inhibit India from enacting for its citizens a uniform civil code as provided for in the Directive principles of state policy. (200 words)