?Relative clauses are parts of a sentence that provide additional information about a noun. They are also known as "adjective clauses" because they describe or modify nouns in the same way adjectives do. Relative clauses typically begin with a relative pronoun (like who, whom, whose, which, or that) or a relative adverb (like where, when, or why).

?Types of Relative Clauses

1. Defining (or Restrictive) Relative Clauses: - These clauses provide essential information about the noun they modify. Without this information, the sentence's meaning would be incomplete or unclear.
   - No commas are used with defining relative clauses.
   - Relative pronouns used: who, whom, whose, which, that.

✏️Examples:–The man who lives next door is a doctor.
(The clause "who lives next door" tells us which man; without it, we wouldn't know which man is being referred to.)
– The book that you lent me was fascinating.
(The clause "that you lent me" specifies which book is being talked about.)

1. Non-defining (or Non-restrictive) Relative Clauses: - These clauses provide extra, non-essential information about a noun. The sentence would still make sense without this information, though it might be less informative.
   - Commas are used to set off non-defining relative clauses from the rest of the sentence.
   - Relative pronouns used: who, whom, whose, which. ("that" is not used in non-defining relative clauses.)

✏️Examples:–My sister, who lives in New York, is visiting us next week.
(The clause "who lives in New York" adds extra information about "my sister," but we still know who is visiting even if this clause is removed.)
– The Eiffel Tower, which is in Paris, is a famous landmark.
(The clause "which is in Paris" adds extra information but does not define "The Eiffel Tower.")

?Relative Pronouns and Their Uses

- Who: Refers to people (used as the subject of the clause).
Example: "The woman who called you is my friend."
- Whom: Refers to people (used as the object of the clause).
Example: "The person whom you met yesterday is my colleague."
- Whose: Shows possession (can refer to people or things).
Example: "The man whose car was stolen is my neighbor."
- Which: Refers to animals and things.
Example: "The cake which you baked was delicious."
- That: Can refer to people, animals, or things in defining relative clauses.
Example: "The movie that I watched last night was great."

?Relative Adverbs

- Where: Refers to a place.
Example: This is the house where I grew up.
- When: Refers to a time.
Example: I remember the day when we first met.
- Why: Refers to a reason.
Example: I don't know the reason why he left.

?Key Points to Remember

- Defining relative clauses are essential to the sentence's meaning; they do not require commas.
- Non-defining relative clauses provide extra information and require commas.
- The choice of relative pronoun or adverb depends on whether the clause refers to a person, thing, place, time, or reason.

?? @theenglishuz ??

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*Some believe that creating a new global language is essential for enhancing international communication. While there are some benefits to this, they are outweighed by the drawbacks.

One advantage of inventing a new language is it can eliminate language barriers among nations. When people communicate in one specific language, they can easily make international friends and share their life experiences, which can be crucial for uniting people regardless of their backgrounds. This can contribute to a more harmonious world. Another benefit of a monolingual worldwide language is the potential improvement in the business and marketing field. Some companies in my country (Uzbekistan), for example, only produce items for local residents, not knowing how to export their quality productions for worldwide use. If these companies cooperate with other countries, there will be significant changes in such businesses.

In my opinion, however, the drawbacks of a global language are greater. Perhaps the biggest disadvantage would be the possible extinction of culture. By this, I mean, every language comes with its traditional culture, which reveals the historical, ethnical, and the cultural value of nations. If people only communicate in one language, they may slowly forget their backgrounds and even personalities. Another downside of global monolingualism is it can lead to unemployment. There are many institutes that specialize in foreign languages. Teachers, linguists, and interpreters who have dedicated their lives to this profession may lose their jobs, as the demand for learning diminishes, ultimately reducing the need for their skills and expertise.

In conclusion, there are some positives associated with inventing a universal language, such as decreasing linguistic barriers and business development. However, these are not as significant as the negatives, which include cultural extinction and unemployment.*#task2
#advantages
#disadvantages

TASK 2: Some people think that we should invent a new language for international communication.
Will the benefits of this outweigh the problems associated with it?

*The bar graph shows the export earnings of one unspecified country in different product categories, and the accompanying table gives information about the percentage change in values from 2015 to 2016. Overall, all exports experienced upward trends, albeit to varying degrees, except for Gems and jewelry, which exhibited a decrease. It is also clear that Petroleum goods had the highest income rates in both years; however, the widest percentage change was observed in Textiles.

Focusing first on larger amounts of earnings, Petroleum products were the most popular exports with just over $60 billion, while Engineered goods claimed the second spot in terms of exports, accounting for around $58 billion in 2015. Their respective figures modestly rose to approximately $62 and $61 billion by 2016, representing 3% and 8.5% change. In contrast, Gems and jewelry displayed a slight drop of $1 billion over the given period, from $42 billion to $41 billion, comprising a 5.18% decline.

The remaining export categories, Agricultural products and Textiles, had relatively smaller amounts, despite showing both the widest and the narrowest proportion changes. The former rose by a meager 0.81%, from an initial $31 billion to roughly $32 billion in 2016. Lastly, in 2015, Textiles had the least, $26 billion of exports, which then significantly increased to $32 billion in 2016, translating to a staggering 15.24% growth, converging with the figure for Agricultural products.*

#mixed

*The bar chart shows the share of different household items in Britain for the years 2001 and 2008. Overall, the proportion of all items saw upward trends, albeit to varying degrees, except for telephones, which decreased. It is also clear that the widest percentage change was observed in internet usage, while the reverse was true for telephones.

Focusing first on household items with smaller disparities, telephone ownership peaked at 95% in 2001 but dropped by 5% in 2008, still maintaining the highest rank. Microwaves and CD players both increased to 90% in 2008, up from an initial 80% and 70%, respectively, converging with the figure for telephones. Meanwhile, clothes dryers went up by 10%, from 60% to 70% during the same period.

The demand for the remaining household items was initially lower but then significantly grew. Mobile phones almost quadrupled from 25% in 2001 to 80% in 2008, making them the second most popular item. Similarly, the internet had the lowest share at 10% in 2001 before a substantial rise to 60% in 2008. Lastly, home computers markedly rose from 35% in 2001 to 65% in 2008, while dishwashers doubled from 20% to 40% over the same period.*#barchart