The Inuit Observations: In the Arctic regions, indigenous Inuit communities have observed significant changes in their environment due to climate change. They have witnessed shrinking ice caps, unpredictable weather patterns, and shifts in wildlife migration. Their traditional way of life, which heavily relies on hunting and fishing, has been disrupted. These observations highlight the direct impact of climate change on vulnerable communities and serve as a reminder of the urgent need for global action. (Climate change and its impact on communities)

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*?*Moral Thinkers & Philosophers: Exploring the Love of Wisdom and Ethical Inquiry

✅Philosophy as a word derived from the Greek word “philosophia” which means love of wisdom. Therefore, philosophy which answers some of the most fundamental questions about life, human existence, rationality, god, religion etc.

✅Man as a social animal desires to seek cause-effect relationships and motivates him to question the society where he lives. This kind of questioning and seeking answer ultimately derives truth and knowledge.

✅Philosopher who is a knowledge seeker. Philosophy can be applied to the physical world existing around us and also applied to intangible objects and imaginary things like god, cosmology.*?***Samkhya Philosophy: Exploring the Dualism of Matter and Spirit

✅Samkhya, (In Sanskrit, “Enumeration” or “Number”) also spelled as Sankhya.
Samkhya adopts a consistent dualism of matter (prakriti) and the eternal spirit (purusha).

✅The two are originally separate, but in the course of evolution purushamistakenly identifies itself with aspects of prakriti.
Right knowledge consists of the ability of purushato distinguish itself from prakriti.

✅The Samkhya school assumes the existence of two bodies, a temporal body and a body of “subtle” matter that persists after biological death.
When the former body has perished, the latter migrates to another temporal body.

✅The body of subtle matter consists of the higher functions of buddhi(“consciousness”), ahamkara (“I-consciousness”), manas (“mind as coordinator of sense impressions”), and prana (“breath,” the principle of vitality).

✅Three primal qualities of matter that are called Gunas (“qualities”). They make up the prakritibut are further important principally as physio psychological factors.

✅The first is Tamas (“darkness”), which is obscurity, ignorance, and inertia
✅The second is Rajas (“passion”), which is energy, emotion, and expansiveness
✅The highest is Sattva (“goodness”), which is illumination, enlightening knowledge, and lightness.

?To these correspond personality types:

✅Tamas, that of the ignorant and lazy person
✅Rajas, that of the impulsive and passionate person
✅Sattva, that of the enlightened and serene person.#ethics Join** @upsc_ethics_toppers@Anmolvachan1

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**Several bureaucrats like Durga Shakti Nagpal have taken the corruption mafia head on. They faced several punishments and bottlenecks in career growth because of their uncompromising attitude but they remain tall today. Had they been confused about their goals, they would have never challenged the existing nexus between corrupt bureaucracy and vested interests. Who can forget the contributions of U saghayam, an IAS officer of Tamil Nadu cadre who spent nights in graveyard to save evidences? If he would not have been clear about his aim, he could have easily dozed off at home with his family.

दुर्गा शक्ति नागपाल जैसे कई नौकरशाहों ने भ्रष्टाचार माफिया का डटकर मुकाबला किया है। वे अपने समझौता न करने वाले रवैये के कारण उन्हें कई सज़ाओं और करियर के विकास में बाधाओं का सामना करना पड़ा, लेकिन वे आज भी लम्बे कद के हैं। यदि वे अपने लक्ष्यों को लेकर भ्रमित होते तो उन्होंने भ्रष्ट नौकरशाही और निहित स्वार्थों के बीच मौजूदा सांठगांठ को कभी चुनौती नहीं दी होती। सबूतों को बचाने के लिए कब्रिस्तान में रातें गुजारने वाले तमिलनाडु कैडर के आईएएस अधिकारी यू सघयम के योगदान को कौन भूल सकता है? यदि वह अपने लक्ष्य के बारे में स्पष्ट नहीं होता, तो वह आसानी से अपने परिवार के साथ घर पर सो सकता था।**

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*?* Food Processing Industries (FPIs)

✅The food processing industry is a broad term that encompasses the activities involved in transforming raw agricultural products into food products for human consumption.
✅These activities include cleaning, sorting, grading, cooking, preserving, packaging, and distributing food products.
FPIs accounts for about 12% of the country's GDP and employs about 40 million people.

Food processing supply chain Categories

✅ The upstream supply chain: This includes the farmers, suppliers, and processors who provide the raw materials for food processing.
✅ The midstream supply chain: This includes the food manufacturers, distributors, and retailers who transform and deliver food products to consumers.
✅ The downstream supply chain: This includes the consumers who purchase and consume food products.

Key elements

✅ Raw materials: The food processing supply chain starts with the production of raw materials, such as fruits, vegetables, meat, and dairy products.
✅ Processing: The raw materials are then processed into food products, such as canned goods, frozen foods, and snacks.
✅ Packaging: The food products are then packaged for transportation and storage.
✅ Distribution: The food products are then distributed to retailers, who sell them to consumers.
✅ Retail: The consumers purchase the food products from retailers and consume them.

Challenges faced by the food processing industry

✅ Inadequate cold chain infrastructure: India has a cold storage capacity of only 37 million tons against an estimated requirement of 70-100 million tons.
✅ lkHigh post-harvest losses: India loses $13.4 billion worth of food grains annually due to inadequate storage and transport facilities.
✅ Fragmented farm produce: India's farm sector is fragmented with a large number of small and marginal farmers. This makes aggregation of farm produce challenging.
✅ Lack of automation: The food supply chain in India lacks adequate automation in sorting, grading and packaging of agricultural produce. This leads to manual handling and quality issues.
✅ Longer supply chains: Indian farmers generally have to sell to wholesalers who supply to processors, thereby leading to longer and inefficient supply chains.

✅ Create more integrated cold chain networks to link farms, processing units andbconsumers.
✅Promote modern supply chain technologies like RFID, blockchain for traceability and transparency.
✅ Adopt automated grading, sorting and packaging systems to maintain quality and hygiene.
✅ Set up more farm infra like collection centers, primary processing units to aggregata smallholder produce.
✅ Strengthen logistics infrastructure for quick transportation of perishables.
✅ Provide credit, tax incentives and subsidies for producers and processors to invest in supply chain improvement.#gs3#prelims#economy Join** @CSE_EXAM@upsc_4_economy

?**SELF-AWARENESS

✅It is the ability to form an accurate model of oneself, knowledge of one's strength and weaknesses and understanding how to utilise one's strength and weaknesses to encash the opportunities that comes in one's way. It includes self-confidence, realistic self-assessment and self-deprecating sense of humour.
✅ Example: In a company, if a manager is competent but not good at his behaviour and he is not aware about this then he can offend others with his behaviour.

?SELF-REGULATION

✅It is the ability to regulate one’s emotions, thoughts and behaviours effectively in different situations. It includes trustworthiness and integrity; self-control; ability to adapt; openness to change etc.
✅Example: If a person working in a company, is excited about some good news and want to take leave but the boss is angry at the moment then he/she has to regulate his/her emotions for some time to ask for leave. Due to self-regulation, Gandhiji was able to handle the situation after Chauri-Chaura incident even after facing criticism.*?***INTERNAL MOTIVATION

✅It refers to finding internal reasons to work beyond external rewards like money and status. It includes strong
passion for the work, ability to counteract disappointment that results from occasional failure and thrive under adversity.
✅Example: The COVID-19 pandemic has put enormous stress on the doctors and they had to find internal motivation for keep working for patients.**

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? **Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India(TRIFED)

✅ TRIFED came into existence in 1987. It is a national-level apex organisation functioning under the administrative control of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.
✅ The objective of TRIFED is the socio-economic development of tribal people in the country by way of marketing development of the tribal products such as metal craft, tribal textiles, pottery, tribal paintings and pottery on which the tribals depend heavily for a major portion of their income.
✅ TRIFED acts as a facilitator and service provider for tribes to sell their product.
✅ The approach by TRIFED aims to empower tribal people with knowledge, tools and a pool of information so that they can undertake their operations in a more systematic and scientific manner.
✅ It also involves capacity building of the tribal people through sensitization, formation of Self Help Groups (SHGs) and imparting training to them for undertaking a particular activity.
✅ TRIFED has its Head Office located in New Delhi and has a network of 13 Regional Offices located at various places in the country.#prelims#art_and_culture Join** @CSE_EXAM@upsc_art_and_culture

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